In most cases these initial stresses are ignored as are circumferential weld stresses. Similarly, for buried pipe the overburden soil load will add stresses which often are analyzed separately. These overburden stresses were recently supported in AutoPIPE for some codes in which case they are added to other sustained stresses In addition to additional checks to insure that the pipe will not buckle under the soil load alone. It is worth pointing out that the overburden stresses act against the initial cold bending stresses. The way to account for the elastic bending stresses is to calculate them manually and add them to the sustained stress. The moment created by bending can be calculated by E.I/R where E is the elastic pipe material modulus, I is the pipe moment of inertia and R is the bend curvature radius. You can build a simple cantilever pipe model and apply this moment to the free end in a User case to get the cold bending stress. This bending stress can then be manually added to the maximum sustained stress in the long radius bend and the results compared to the sustained allowable. Note that you may not need to add it to expansion stress range since this is a one time event and would not reverse. However it can be added to operating cases as in B31.3 Appendix P, if that option is being used. Karim
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