Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): ALL Area: Report Date Logged & Current Version June 2018 40.06.00.07 Problem: Does the calculation of a body flange according to ASME VIII, div 1, consider a rigidity criterion? Is it possible to calculate a body flange considering the rigidity of the flange in an AutoPIPE Vessel model? Solution: Yes, the calculation of a body flange according to ASME VIII, div 1, considers a rigidity criterion (par. 2-14). This paragraph has been included in the Appendix 2 so it is mandatory now, before 2007 it was a non-mandatory appendix. AutoPIPE Vessel is in accordance with the revisions of the code: if user selects a revision <= 2006 he has the choice to apply or not this criterion (shown in the screenshot below). See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: 03. Does the calculation of a body flange according to ASME VIII, div 1, consider a rigidity criterion in an AutoPIPE Vessel model?
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Wiki Page: 02. How to check for bolt load calculations for longitudinal saddle load generated during bundle pullout?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): ALL Area: Calculations Date Logged & Current Version Oct 2018 40.07.00.007 Problem: How to check for bolt load calculations for longitudinal saddle load generated during bundle pullout? Solution: This can be done by specifying an external load equal to the bundle pullout load. See example below: Case 1: Without considering bundle pullout load The friction factor = 0.3 is mentioned for a right anchored saddle. In the calculation report, the longitudinal saddle load for right saddle is computed as follows: Horizontal Longitudinal Load = friction factor x (total vertical load on saddle 2) = - 0.3 x (reaction due to weight of equipment for the loading case on saddle 2 + weight of saddle 2) = - 0.3 x (817.3 + 159.8) = - 293.1 daN, negative sign as the reaction is acting to the left So the bolt shear load is calculated as below: Max. shear = RaHL/Sb/nb = 293.1/324.3/4 = 0.226 daN/mm2 = 2.26 N/mm2 = 2.26 MPa. Case 2: Considering bundle pullout load In the same model above, now an equivalent bundle pullout load = 1000 daN is applied axially towards right at the left tangent line: This extra load is now seen in the design report: Horizontal Longitudinal Reaction = -(293.1+1000) = -1293.1 daN In the bolt calculation this is taken into account: Max. shear = RaHL/Sb/nb = 1293.1/324.3/4 = 0.997 daN/mm2 = 9.97 N/mm2 = 9.97 MPa. See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: 04. How to calculate the tensile stress in bolts of an AutoPIPE Vessel model?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): ALL Area: Modeling Date Logged & Current Version June 2018 40.06.00.07 Problem: How to calculate the tensile stress in bolts of an AutoPIPE Vessel model? Solution: Calculation of the tensile stress in 1 bolt (refer to the image below) is performed as follows: Tensile force in the bolt F = [(Mzz / (db/2) / nb) /2 - Fp] Mzz is the bending moment due to wind or earthquake action db is the bolt diameter (xb = db /2 in the calculation report) nb is the number of bolt RAV is the vertical load due to wind or earthquake action Ws is the vertical load due to weight See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: 05. Forces and Moments output Results appear to have both (+)ve and (-)ve at the same point in AutoPIPE, why?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE, Version(s): All Area: Report Original Author: Bentley Technical Support Group Logged Nov 2014, AutoPIPE V8i 09.06.01.10 Problem: Can you please explain the forces and moments, why in the middle of a segment the magnitude of the forces flip from (-)ve to (+)ve at the same node point. Solution: Please see the following AutoPIPE help section: Help > Contents> Contents Tab> Reference Information> Results Interpretation> Pipe Forces and Moments: Global Option, read this entire document. As mentioned in the document: In order to interpret the meaning of pipe forces and moments it is important to understand the cross section on which the forces act. consistent procedure to define the cross section all pipe segments have a segment direction at any point there will be two cross sections to consider, namely the - side, which is immediately before the point, and the + side, which is immediately after the point the cross section for pipe force output is obtained by removing all of the segment up to that point. The pipe forces and moments act on the exposed cross section positive forces and moments act on the cross section in the positive X, Y and Z directions With that said, let us consider the following example: Cantilever beam made up of 1 segment (A), Origin point = A00 segment direction (+)ve to the right (A01, A02), and finally a Force = +1000 acting on the Example #1, first off consider the restraint reaction as a force (Red arrow facing left on A00 ). For determination of Global Forces and Moment for the pipe, the Segment Direction is very important. Consider Segment A, and suppose we want to obtain the forces and moments acting on the cross section of the pipe at node A01. What you will basically do is that moving in the segment direction from start point (A00), remove all the previous points leading up to A01 (Boxed in Red rectangle and light red fill). So now you will have an exposed section of the pipe available to you at node A01. Now for that remaining piece to remain in equilibrium, a force of magnitude 1000 acting in the negative X direction would be required (Green arrow). This is your Global Force reported by AutoPIPE for A01. Example #2, now suppose the segment direction was reversed, as seen below on Segment B: Similarly for segment B, suppose we want to find Global forces and moments acting on B01. Moving in the direction of the segment from start point (B00), remove all the previous points leading up to B01 (Boxed in Red rectangle and light red fill). You will have an exposed section of the pipe available at node B01 (You will need to look left). For the remaining piece to remain in equilibrium, a force of magnitude 1000 acting in the positive X direction would be required (Green arrow). This is your Global Force reported by AutoPIPE for B01. Example #3, now suppose the the cases above were combined where these example was composed of 2 segments Segment A origin was at A00 progressing to the Right at A01, and Segment B origin was B00 progressing to the left joining segment A at node point A02. as seen below: Furthermore suppose we want to find Global forces and moments acting on A01. Looking at the (-)ve side of A01 from segment A point of view the force is -1000, However, looking at the (-)ve side of A01 from Segment B point of view the Force is +1000. Thus giving the affect of the force changing at the same point but in reference to how AutoPIPE calculates the forces and moments, the results are correct. If you have concerns about how the forces and moments are calculated in this 3rd example, reverse one of the segments (A or B but not both), so that both segments are progressing in the same direction. Then the calculated forces will have similar signs. What is driving the sign convention change at A00 and A01? Example: Per the following example problem, answer these 2 basic questions: Why are all of the reported forces at A00 and A01 +ve? Why are the anchor restraint loads all -ve for A00, however all +ve for A01? Model details: Press = 300 PSI Temp = 150 Deg F Amb. Temp = 70 deg F Analysis Set: Pressure Stiff= P1 Hot modulus = T1, Pressure Extent. = Yes, Ignore Friction GR = Yes. Give piping arrangement and support system below with respective reported information: Question: What is driving the sign convention for the forces at A00 and A01, why are all of the forces +ve? Answer: In this particular case, with this piping arrangement, support system, loading, segment direction (Segment started at A00 and ended at A01), and Results Interpretation for Pipe Forces and Moments: Global Option. All of the results are +ve. To further hep answer this question, ask yourself; what side of the node point are the anchors on when the free body diagram is applied for calculating Forces and moments? Note, review AutoPIPE help... Help > Contents> Contents> Reference Information> Results Interpretation> Pipe Forces and Moments: Global Option. Now knowing these details of how forces and moments are calculated, plus segment direction, and understanding Anchor A00 is located on the upstream side while Anchor A01 is located on the downstream side of their respective node points.. This is very important information. The calculated forces report are on the downstream side, unless the values are different, then 2 sets of results (+ve and -ve) are printed at each node point. Again what is driving the sign convention for the forces at A00 and A01? For A00, due to the laws of equilibrium, the upstream results are equal and opposite of the downstream side results. Conversely, Anchor A01 is located on the downstream side, thus the reported forces and moments will match both values and direction. There are 3 good exercises that should aid with understanding the results and drive home the concept of haw the results are reported in AutoPIPE: 1. Animate load case , see animate shape below: From this vantage point see how the piping is responding to load case GT1P1. Now it is easy to understand what is happening at the anchors. Per this load case, thermal and pressure loadings is pushing the elbow A05 piping in the -X-dir, thus causing the -ve loading on downstream side of Anchor node point A00. Conversely, thermal and pressure loadings is pushing the piping against the upstream side of anchor node point A01 (+X-dir), thus causing the elbow displacement at A03. 2. Reverse Segment command (Home > Operations > Segments > Reverse Segment(s)), Segment now starts at A01 and progresses towards A00. Again, notice how all of the results are now equal and opposite that of the original segment direction. All of the forces results are -ve, and the restraint load still have opposite signed values. 3. Rotate the entire model 180 about A00, and review the results Note, if the model was rotated 180 deg then you will see the same values but in opposite direction, see image below (note, vertical direction is not rotated, therefore vertical results has the same directional sign as before rotation). Question: What is driving the sign convention for the restraint loads at A00 and A01?, Why are the anchor restraint loads all -ve for A00, however all +ve for A01? Answer: Very similar to the concepts mentioned above, ask yourself, what side of the node point are the anchor on when the free body diagram is applied? Next, determine the segment direction....etc... Again, the reason for the signed results is based upon how the model is constructed, applied loads, etc.. In this case, GrT1P1 is applying a -ve X-dir load on the Anchor at node point A00 and exerting a +ve X-dir load on the Anchor at node point A01 See Also What does +/- (node number) mean in AutoPIPE output reports? Point suffixes +1 ,+2 , etc. mean "Forces & Moments" sub-report Bentley AutoPIPE
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Wiki Page: - Download Bentley AutoPIPE Products from Software Download
Note: 1. All Bentley applications are available for download using the Software Download website. 2: If you are part of the QA&R program, any installation from a downloaded file for AutoPIPE or ATS is strictly forbidden and does not constitute a valid installation or verification. All QA&R user must install the applications from the CDs received from Bentley systems QA&R manager, click here for details . Other applications that are not part of the QA program (ex. OpenPLANT Isometric Manager, Dashboard, Navigator, etc..) can be downloaded and installed as needed. 3. Can I download AutoPIPE's full ATS program? see WIKI here 4. Does an error appear , if yes, check the Cloud service Status here , if software downloads is green, please clear your browser cache or try a different browser. Step #1: Access Software Download using 2 different methods > Bentley CONNECTION Client > Bentley CONNECTION Center Questions: 1. Cannot access this website, what should I do now? 2. Does an error appear, if yes, please clear your browser cache or try a different browser. Step #2: After Software Download is opened, filter from all available software to AutoPIPE products only Select the following settings: a. Product Line = Pipe Stresses and Vessel Analysis b. Brand = AutoPIPE or AutoPIPE Vessel c. Press Apply button Step #3: Choose a tile (AutoPIPE) AutoPIPE is available in 3 different versions (i.e. Standard, Advances, Nuclear) and 1 add-on (KHK2 Add-on). These versions and add-on are controlled by the licensing inside of the application. Therefore, only need to download one version of the software, always select the first tile labeled AutoPIPE. Again, all the feature are installed, the license selection from with in the application controls the feature availability with in the application. Step #4: Filter, Dependencies, Read-me file, and Download Select the following settings: A . Filter - Make changes to the drop-down filters as needed to be applied to the list of available software Question: The version I need is not listed here, What are my options? Note: Products containing the Luxology rendering engine can no longer be distributed B. Dependencies - pressing the carrot at the start of a line will display a list of dependencies available for that software. These are separate downloads and separate installation procedures that are performed after installing AutoPIPE. Question: Do I need to download these dependencies? C. Details and Readme - pressing the "i" balloon will open a dialog that indicates additional details. These details contain a link to the respective Readme file on Bentley Communities D. Download button - press the download button to download the respective line item. Be sure to press Download button for each line item to be downloaded. Question: Pressing Download button, nothing appears to be happening, what is happening? or What should I do? . E. At this time, AutoPIPE is only available as a 32 bit application. The development team is updating the application to a 64 bit version. Step #5: Download AutoPIPE Software After pressing the Download button, depending on your browser, a small box may appear: Using Internet Explorer: A box will appear at the bottom of the screen, press the "Save" drop down listing and select "Save-As", and save the file to your desk top or other folder location. Note: the file name above may-not be the same, this name will mirror the version selected for download. Suggest to SAVE the application to the computer before installing. Using Google Chrome A box will appear at the bottom of the screen, where the application is automatically being downloaded. press the drop down indicator on the right and select "Show in Folder" to locate the software being downloaded. Note: the file name above may-not be the same, this name will mirror the version selected for download. Step #6: Installing After the download has been completed, See the appropriate link below for installation instructions. Again, remember to install all programs downloaded, they are separate installations. AutoPIPE Yearly AutoPIPE CONNECT v.12 AutoPIPE CONNECT v.11 AutoPIPE V8i AutoPIPE 2004 AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley PlantFLOW See Also How do I download, install, and license AutoPIPE? Bentley AutoPIPE
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Wiki Page: Q. Change AutoPIPE Edition License to: (Standard, Advanced, Nuclear)
Note : a. User must be signed into CONNECTION Client before proceeding below, or have imported a license file with specific entitlements. b. The same exact downloaded file is used by AutoPIPE Standard, Advanced, Nuclear, and all other language editions (such as Japanese, Polish, etc.). There's no need to download more than once. What functions and languages are available while using the software are determined by the license choice (ex. Standard, Advanced, or Nuclear) and program settings choice. AutoPIPE will default to Demo mode when the application is first installed, the user must then change the edition setting on the "Welcome to AutoPIPE Licensing" dialog. This dialog will automatically appear when first starting AutoPIPE after being installed or as long as the "Show Welcome Screen on startup" checkbox is enabled in the lower left corner of the dialog. Otherwise, use the procedure here to open the " Welcome to AutoPIPE Licensing" dialog . Again, after opening the dialog the user must select an edition of the program to be used during the current Work session (choose the appropriate radio button in front of the edition, Standard, Advanced, or Nuclear , to be used during this current session). If it is not clear which option you should choose, contact your company's Bentley On-site Administrator(s) for assistance. Questions: a. Features available when using an AutoPIPE Standard, Advanced, or Nuclear edition b. Which edition to select on this dialog? c. Which edition is currently being used? d. How to download software? e. How to review application release Notes? Click OK to close the dialog an start using the program. Notes: a. To help with QTL invoices, when using AutoPIPE 11.x and higher, changing from one edition to another the first time will display the following warning message. Confirm available license in LMT. There is no way to limit licensing access to any edition of the software (Standard, Advance, or Nuclear); users must exercise restraint: --------------------------- AutoPIPE Licensing --------------------------- Please confirm the license change. You have changed the license you wish to run this product under to Nuclear. Depending on the license (s) your organisation owns and product usage, this may incur additional software usage. --------------------------- Yes No --------------------------- More Questions: Do I need to install AutoPIPE Standard, Advanced, & Nuclear on my computer? Can I use the same license with each version / edition of AutoPIPE, or Does the cost of an AutoPIPE license change with the version / edition, example? How to set a default license edition (Standard, Advance, or Nuclear)? How to open AutoPIPE's "Welcome to AutoPIPE Licensing" dialog? Make sure License type is set to a specific edition? How to run application as ADMINISTRATOR Application reverts to DEMO mode. AutoPIPE 12.x and Higher AutoPIPE 11.x and Lower License computer not connected to the internet License Support Optimizer feature See Also Licensing issues outside of AutoPIPE Licensing - AutoPIPE Bentley AutoPIPE
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Wiki Page: 08. How to license AutoPIPE while not connected to the internet?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Version(s): ALL; Area: Licensing Date Logged & Current Version Mar. 2021 12.05.00.16 Problem: How to start using AutoPIPE offline? In BLT (Bentley Licensing Tool) there is information that AutoPIPE can be run offline, but while running the software it requires login to CONNECTION Client, which cannot be made without internet connection. Solution: How long will it be before reconnecting to the internet again? IF the answer is: a. Permanently (never) or more than 7+ days, refer to option A below or b. Less than 7 days, then use option B below Option A. No internet connection for 7 days or More Follow process here to check out / in a license for a user disconnected from the internet permanently or for more than 7+ days. Option B. No internet connection for 7 days or less 1. Because there is no internet connection, no need to sign into Connection Client. However Connection Client may be running in the back ground with the following displayed: 2. Start AutoPIPE, the Connection Client dialog may appear try to "Sign In" or close the Connection Client window using the X in the top right corner of the dialog, the following will then appear If you are offline the only option would be to press the Continue button 3. Look at the top center of the application window, find "Undefined - Bentley AutoPIPE (Advanced or Nuclear)". This indicates that the application features per that edition (Standard / Advanced / Nuclear) are available, and to continue using the program, The program is entered License grace period mode. If Demo was indicated here, the program would be running in DEMO mode with very limited capabilities. 4. Again, connect to the internet and sign back into Connection Center within the 7 days grace period, or the program will be disabled (reverts to Demo mode) Note: Open BLT, select the Product Status tab, see application that are in "Offline grace period" mode and for how long. The applications can be used so long as the grace period number of days is greater than zero. Otherwise, the application will not be licensed and reverts to demo mode. To use the software again, a. Reconnect to the internet b. Sign back into Connection Client . c. Open BLT , use both commands Refresh Policy and Send Logs . d. Restart AutoPIPE communities.bentley.com/.../Licensing-_2D00_-Entering-into-Offline-Mode.mp4 Note : select from the bottom right corner of the video to enlarge to full screen mode. See Also Edition License issues Licensing Bentley AutoPIPE
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Wiki Page: 15. How do I analyze a rectangular vessel attachment or wear plate?
In order to analyze for a vessel attachment, you will need to run a local load analysis in the component design module.
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Wiki Page: 16. How to perform calculations for test case in AutoPIPE Vessel?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): ALL Area: General Date Logged & Current Version March 2019 41.00.00.006 Problem: How to perform calculations for test case in AutoPIPE Vessel? Solution: Under Vessel Properties>Design Parameters tab, if the Horizontal test conditions field is unchecked, you would observe that under the Load Conditions tab, the Compute field is unchecked under Test and the field is greyed out as shown below: You would also observe that no test calculations would be performed in the report. In order to include test case, go to the Design Parameters tab under the Vessel Properties dialog box, and check the Horizontal, Code Pressure section as shown below: Now go to the load conditions tab and observe that the Compute section is checked under the Test case: Click on load combinations at the bottom of this tab and observe that the test cases are listed: Perform calculations, in the report observe that the test cases are calculated and presented: See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: E. AD 2000-Merkblatter
1. What sections of AD 2000-Merkblatt are covered by AutoPIPE Vessel?
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Wiki Page: 1. What sections of AD 2000-Merkblatt are covered by AutoPIPE Vessel?
Answer: Only these sections are supported by APV: AD 2000 B0 to B10; B13 ; HP0; HP1 ; HP30 ; S1 to S3/7 ; W0 to W13. "AD 2000-Merkblatt A 403" is a norm about safety devices for prevention of excess pressure, this is not covered by APV.
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Wiki Page: 17. How AutoPIPE Vessel Calculate Corrosion Allowances as UG- 45 or ASME VIII div.1?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): ALL Area: General FAQ Date Logged & Current Version March 2019 41.00.00.006 Problem: How AutoPIPE Vessel Calculate Corrosion Allowances as UG- 45, ASME VIII Div.1? Solution: As AutoPIPE Vessel make a conservative calculation, it considers all additional thicknesses (corrosion + tolerance). As it is written “Any corrosion allowance” in the ASME code, we must consider corrosion + tolerance to apply UG-45. See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: 18. The "Period" is calculated by what method in AutoPIPE Vessel?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): V8i Area: Report Original Author: Bentley Technical Support Group Date Logged & Current Version June. 2015 33.02.02.04 Question: For the packaged examples with AutoPIPE Vessel, such as "Vessel on brackets ASME.emvd", in the calculation result page "Vessel under combination loading" -> "Period and Center of Gravity", there is output: Period, Question, This "Period" is calculated by what method? Eigenvalue to the fifth is output even for a simple model. How to decide the quality of discretization? Is decided automatically by internal, or Or is decided based on some input data? Furthermore, is this "Period" also used besides the calculation of seismic load, wind load calculations? if so, please let us know it is used in which case? Answer: The period is calculated by finite element analysis. The vessel is modeled as a beam. AutoPIPE Vessel consider that brackets prevent rotation and translation so two beams are modeled (one above brackets, the other below). User cannot decide the quality of discretisation. AutoPIPE Vessel puts a node for each load. Then other nodes are added to get between 100 and 400 nodes for one vessel. The period is used only for seismic calculation and wind calculation. See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: 19. Why saddle support reactions are 0.00 in an AutoPIPE Vessel output report?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): ALL Area: Report Date Logged & Current Version June 2018 40.06.00.07 Problem: Why saddle support reactions are 0.00 in an AutoPIPE Vessel output report? Example: For saddle calculation Case 3 - Operation Int.Max.P. (Normal Wind) (1 D + 0.6W) .saddle 1 is fix saddle , saddle 2 is a sliding saddle . the Horizontal Reactions (Longitudinal) force for saddle 2 shall be zero, because the fix saddle take the force , why saddle 2 have the same reaction force bur negative with saddle 1 by program calculation, Please explain the reasons . Solution: In short, AutoPIPE Vessel considers that the bolted base plate prevents only displacements but not rotations, it is an articulation. So, the longitudinal moment at the base is zero. See Youtube video link for detailed saddled calculation explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZ_5G6qdzMU You will have a better understanding on how saddle reactions are calculated, saddle is sliding does not mean it has 0 longitudinal reaction, the reaction will be 0 only if saddle mount is frictionless which is rarely the case, and also in this case there is a friction (0.3) so there will be reaction. Also if one saddle has reaction there will be a counter reaction with opposite sign for the other saddle to maintain static equilibrium. The video will explain everything, time 24.08 onwards discusses case with friction. Just an additional comment, when the saddle is sliding, the force is zero, but before sliding, the opposite force is applied on the saddle, the sliding saddle (and the shell) must be designed to sustain this transitory force which is a function of the friction factor. See Also AutoPIPE Vessel Bentley LEARN Server
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Wiki Page: 21. How AutoPipe vessel takes care of Saddle if its placed on Transition element like Cone?
Answer: The diameter at the cone location where the saddle is attached is considered for the analysis, the calculation procedure is same as that of a saddle attached to a regular shell component. The various stresses are affected depending on where on the cone the saddle is attached.
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Wiki Page: 20. How do you analyze a head with a skirt smaller than the diameter of the head?
Users can use the component design module to do the local load calculations for the head when the skirt has a diameter smaller than the head. To get to the local load calculation inputs, begin by starting a new model and select the Component Design module: Select the Local Load component module: Then you can start inputting your design parameters:
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Wiki Page: 23. How do you enter f1 and f2 for cone calculations in ASME VIII mandatory appendix 1-5?
There is no way to apply a value for f1 and f2, these values are calculated by the program when there is a support (e.g. Legs).
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Wiki Page: 22. Consequence of the input of the elevation in the dialog of the bracket or ring in AutoPIPE Vessel?
Applies To Product(s): AutoPIPE Vessel Version(s): V8i Environment: N/A Area: Modeling Subarea: Original Author: Bentley Technical Support Group Date Logged & Current Version Aug. 2015 33.02.02.04 Problem: Consequence of the input of the elevation in the dialog of the bracket or ring in AutoPIPE Vessel? Answer: The model is constituted of 2 beams. One is from the support to the top of the vessel and the second is from the support to the bottom of the vessel. These 2 beams depending of their mass and their loading may have different frequencies of vibration. Vibrations of the 2 beams The maximum amplitude of movements is shown below: The considered loads and moments are: The maximum bending moment is equal to MA + MB= See Also Bentley AutoPIPE External Links Bentley Technical Support KnowledgeBase Bentley LEARN Server Comments or Corrections? Bentley's Technical Support Group requests that you please submit any comments you have on this Wiki article to the "Comments" area below. THANK YOU!
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Wiki Page: 25. Execute > View Calculation Results command not working
The function "View calculation results" loads Word software to see the calculation report. The problem describe, indicates that, in File> Preference, the location of the Word Processing Software Executable is not well defined. Use the Browse button and indicate the location of the Word software.
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Wiki Page: 26. Error in the calculation of yC: yC = m + E + m + H/2 in the edition of the results
Answer: There would be the error in calculation of yC because there is no weld at the top of the sail.
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